Emerging Research About Zika Virus.

Not just any virus – Worse on the fetus than we thought!
Abortion debate brought to the forefront.

Medical scientists have been racing to understand the epidemic of Zika virus worldwide but particularly, because of the rapidity of spread and the number of persons infected, in the Western Hemisphere. Much is still unknown, there is no effective treatment or vaccine, diagnostic tests are not readily available, and there appear to be substantial’ morbidities to developing fetuses and adults alike. The disease is known to be spread by mosquitoes, through sexual contact, and probably blood transfusion. It is not surprising that concern over Zika virus is changing people’s travel plans including to the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.  It is causing aditional and justifiable concern to pregnant women and their partners, especially those without access to contraception or safe abortion. Continue reading “Emerging Research About Zika Virus.”

Settlement Near for Lawsuit Over Racial Composition of UofL Board of Trustees?

Although the the proposed vote of no confidence in UofL President James Ramsey was the major item coming out of last week’s tumultuous UofL Board meeting, several other important things were revealed at the meeting itself, in subsequent interviews, and in supplemental handouts.  One such was the statement that a settlement may be near in last summer’s lawsuit initiated by the Justice Resource Center over to the racial minority makeup of the board itself – specifically that the statutorily required number of African-American Board members was no longer present. It was felt that a Trustee of Hispanic descent who displaced an African-American Trustee from being reappointed was not an appropriate substitution. Since then, a Trustee whose heritage is unknown to me, and the Trustee of Hispanic heritage resigned from the Board thus allowing themselves to be replaced.  So far one new well-respected African-American was appointed to the Board. I do not know at what stage of the appointment process the remaining open slot is.

At last week’s meeting, we were told that two additional African-American Trustees would soon be appointed – one to fill the open slot, and a second to replace an unnamed Board member who would resign.  [Trustee Robert Rounsavall, whose term ends soon, did indeed announce his resignation shortly after the meeting.] Filling this opening would give us 3 minority slots on the Board in addition to any minorities elected by their internal UofL constituencies. Assuming Governor Bevin fills these slots with African-Americans, this would bring the number of racial minority members among the 17 citizen members of the Board up to three, and on the 20-member Board as a whole to four. I am very supportive of the intent of all of this.  I have stated several times that I believe the Board of Trustees should look like and think like our greater Louisville Community.   I believe most of those involved are trying to do the right thing, but in my opinion we are using flawed, illogical, and perhaps even unconstitutional methods.  I believe too that the process is being manipulated for personal and political gain. Continue reading “Settlement Near for Lawsuit Over Racial Composition of UofL Board of Trustees?”

UofL Board of Trustees Prepare For a Vote of No Confidence in President James Ramsey.

Actual vote thwarted but result essentially the same:
Overall a win for more open and shared governance.

panel-woleIf you are reading this, the chances are that the fact that the University of Louisville Board of Trustees discussed a vote of no confidence in the presidency of Dr. James Ramsey two days ago will not be news.  That something dramatic might happen was no surprise to the army of media people who came prepared to cover anything.  I was there too.  Although longstanding allies of President Ramsey used procedural means to block an actual hands-up vote, those Trustees seeking a more open and shared governance role for the Board succeeded for the first time in presenting their arguments directly to the public, and by their accounts, to the Board itself!   A majority of the Board, including its Chairman and Treasurer, were prepared to vote in favor of such a measure.  At this juncture a vote would have been superfluous, but one is scheduled for the next meeting on April 20.   A lot can happen before then.  I do not see how Dr. Ramsey’s presidency can survive, with or without an actual vote.

Excellent accounts of the meeting have been reported by Andrew Wolfson of the Courier-Journal, Chris Otts of WDRB, Joe Sonka of Insider Louisville, Baylee Pulliam of Business First, and a team of reporters from the Louisville Cardinal.  Because a number of post-meeting interviews were going on simultaneously, each of the above had a little something extra to add.  I will not try to compete with their good work.  I have however been following this emerging story for some time, have a long and intimate association with the University, and wish to lend a few additional insights into what is happening.  At the end of this article, I placed an audio recording of the Trustee meeting beginning a few seconds after they returned from executive session. I plan add as much of the interviews that followed the formal meeting as I was able to capture.  I also post materials that were handed out by the University and a Trustee.  These materials may allow individuals who were not present to make their own judgments about who conducted themselves in a respectful and professional way, and who did not. Continue reading “UofL Board of Trustees Prepare For a Vote of No Confidence in President James Ramsey.”

A Herd of Humans – A Murder of Mosquitoes.

Revenge of the Aztecs- Part II

Lessons and challenges from the outbreak of Zika virus.

Although it was discovered 69 years ago in the Zika Forest of Uganda, even as a physician I had not previously known of the Zika virus. I first read about it a month ago in the daily two-page news brief on a cruise ship as it left the harbor of San Juan, Puerto Rico – one of the very places we were now warned by pubic health authorities to avoid!  Additional concern was generated by the fact that our cruise itinerary included two other islands in the Caribbean where the disease was breaking out.

The Zika virus belongs to the flavivirus family which includes Yellow Fever, West Nile Virus, and Dengue – serious players. It did not help matters that I had lost a friend to hemorrhagic Dengue fever on the Caribbean island of St. Croix a few years earlier. Like its sister viruses, Zika appeared to be transmitted primarily by mosquitoes carrying blood from one bitten person to another – the usual mechanism of arthropod vector transmission.

Where did it come from?
Although the primary infection itself may be asymptomatic, Zika’s usual symptoms are relatively mild and include fever, headache, joint pains, and conjunctivitis (red-eye). The first well documented epidemic of Zika in humans occurred on the Pacific island of Yap in 2007, and then in French Polynesia in 2013.  Impressive was the high proportion of individuals infected. On the French islands, a possible connection was made to an increased incidence of the reactive and probably auto-immune Guillain-Barré syndrome which can cause life-threatening paralysis by attacking the nervous system . In 2015, some traveler, perhaps attending a world cup soccer match, probably brought the virus to South America where it exploded to infect over a million individuals so far. Additional millions are expected to become ill as the epidemic runs its course. Public anxiety and my own was amplified by the fact that so little is known about the disease and its natural history. Continue reading “A Herd of Humans – A Murder of Mosquitoes.”